Daily Crime Data from 50+ Large American Cities
Explore Comparative Crime Data and Analysis Tools
Official national crime statistics are reported many months after the fact, making it difficult to recognize and respond to emergent trends.
In contrast, Live Crime Tracker tracks crime trends in real time to provide actionable insights sooner.
Much the same way public health systems leverage data to detect, prevent and control emerging diseases,
this site seeks to give law enforcement agencies, public officials, and community organizations the information they need to respond more effectively.
Daily Crime Map
Explore a color-coded map of daily crime rates and counts.
Daily Crime Comparison
Compare incidents across U.S. cities by counts and rates.
City Crime Profile
Examine in-depth city crime statistics for each city.
Trends Over Time
Analyze 12-month crime trends within and between U.S. cities.
Economic Costs of Crime
Explore the costs of crime in a selected city.
Questions? Visit our FAQs on the
About page.
Daily Crime Map
Select a Date
Select an Offense
This map of reporting cities is color-coded to compare daily crime rates and counts. Hover or tap on a city for details.
Source: For more details on how data were gathered, visit
the Methodology page.
Limitations: There are limitations regarding the availability of data as well as the accuracy and completeness of data. Crime classifications are based on information provided by reporting agencies. Preliminary classifications may be changed later based on additional investigation by agencies. Many of these agencies do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information contained herein and caution that the information should not be used for comparison purposes.
Limitations: There are limitations regarding the availability of data as well as the accuracy and completeness of data. Crime classifications are based on information provided by reporting agencies. Preliminary classifications may be changed later based on additional investigation by agencies. Many of these agencies do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information contained herein and caution that the information should not be used for comparison purposes.
Daily Crime Comparison
Select a Date
Select an Offense
Highlight a City
Compare cities by crime counts, crime rates, and city size. Click on column labels to sort. Hover or tap on bars for details.
Limitations: There are limitations regarding the availability
of data as well as the accuracy and completeness of data. Crime
classifications are based on information provided by reporting agencies.
Preliminary classifications may be changed later based on additional
investigation by agencies. Many of these agencies do not guarantee the
accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information
contained herein and caution that the information should not be used for
comparison purposes.
City Crime Profile
Select a Date
Select a City
Examine reported daily counts and daily rates for a selected city across all eight crime categories.
Click on column labels to sort. Hover or tap on bars for details.
Notes: For detailed definitions of each crime type, visit the Methodology page.
Limitations: There are limitations regarding the availability
of data as well as the accuracy and completeness of data. Crime
classifications are based on information provided by reporting agencies.
Preliminary classifications may be changed later based on additional
investigation by agencies. Many of these agencies do not guarantee the
accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information
contained herein and caution that the information should not be used for
comparison purposes.
Trends Over Time
Select an Offense
Highlight a City
Examine the last 12 months of monthly crime data across cities. Hover or tap on a monthly data point for details.
Limitations: There are limitations regarding the availability
of data as well as the accuracy and completeness of data. Crime
classifications are based on information provided by reporting agencies.
Preliminary classifications may be changed later based on additional
investigation by agencies. Many of these agencies do not guarantee the
accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information
contained herein and caution that the information should not be used for
comparison purposes.
Economic Costs of Crime
Select a City
The economic harm of being a crime victim varies by type of crime. We estimate the economic harm experienced by crime victims from four serious person crimes.
Total Costs of Crime Over Time
Hover or tap on the 2023 or 2024 line to view a data point for the YTD estimated costs and 95% confidence interval.
Look up YTD estimated costs for different offense types and overall in the table.
Methods: We estimate the economic costs-of-crime by combining two data sources.
First, we use open city data that tracks the number of crime victimizations per period.
Second, we incorporate research-based estimates of economic harm per victimization, developed by NORC at the University of Chicago and Temple University.
The harm estimates come from the HAVEN project (Harms After Victimization: Experience and Needs), funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ).
They combine police/court records with medical claims data to track victims' economic costs over one year following each type of crime.
Estimate Details: Our cost calculations represent the expected one-year economic impact of each crime type, including a 95% confidence interval.
We use standardized average costs per offense type, applying the same values across all cities rather than adjusting for location.
For the source of these average cost estimates, please visit the Methodology page.
Limitations: There are limitations regarding the availability of data as well as the accuracy and completeness of data. Crime classifications are based on information provided by reporting agencies. Preliminary classifications may be changed later based on additional investigation by agencies. Many of these agencies do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information contained herein and caution that the information should not be used for comparison purposes.
Limitations: There are limitations regarding the availability of data as well as the accuracy and completeness of data. Crime classifications are based on information provided by reporting agencies. Preliminary classifications may be changed later based on additional investigation by agencies. Many of these agencies do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or correct sequencing of the information contained herein and caution that the information should not be used for comparison purposes.
About the Tracker
Daily updates on eight crime categories from over 50 large U.S. cities and tools to visualize, analyze, and compare daily, monthly, and yearly crime trends across cities.
The lack of public and researcher access to real-time crime data represents a critical gap in the U.S. data infrastructure.
When data are limited, policymakers and the public often base decisions on emotion and ideology. In the case of crime policy, this
substitution results in solutions to crime that are less efficient, less effective, and less responsive.
Live Crime Tracker meets this data need by providing up-to-date statistics on criminal offenses in the United States. This site acts as an early warning system to detect trends in violence and victimization. Currently, more than 50 of the 200 largest U.S. cities regularly report crime data. We will continue to incorporate data for additional cities as they become available. For more information on our data sources, visit our Methodology page.
Live Crime Tracker meets this data need by providing up-to-date statistics on criminal offenses in the United States. This site acts as an early warning system to detect trends in violence and victimization. Currently, more than 50 of the 200 largest U.S. cities regularly report crime data. We will continue to incorporate data for additional cities as they become available. For more information on our data sources, visit our Methodology page.
FAQs
How does Live Crime Tracker improve on what already exists?
The FBI collects national statistics, but they are only released annually in the fall, reporting on the previous year. Other timely crime resources either focus on a single type of crime (homicide) or are released monthly. Live Crime Tracker provides real-time data for more than 50 U.S. cities in eight crime categories, including homicide, burglary, and aggravated assault. This tracker also includes in-depth city crime profiles, interactive maps, and a daily crime tracker that allows users to analyze trends over time and compare them across locations.
What are Live Crime Tracker’s limitations?
Live Crime Tracker compiles data shared by local governments, and some of those data are incomplete. A lot of work goes into providing “live” data from open data portals, but incident-level open data also requires that it is updated over time as errors are identified. The “live” data shown in the Live Crime Tracker is not necessarily considered the final data and may change over time as cities remove duplicates and belatedly add records on some days. We update the data shown in the Live Crime Tracker as cities make these changes. We have intentionally exposed those gaps in data, because encouraging more depth and consistency of data is one of our goals. Timely, accurate, and reliable data-sharing is a cornerstone of fair and effective policymaking. Find your city’s data source on our Methodology page.
Who is Live Crime Tracker for?
The Live Crime Tracker was developed for a wide audience interested in timely crime data, including the media, researchers, policymakers, community members, and more. The goal is to highlight emerging trends—good and bad—to help facilitate a faster, better-informed public safety response.
How did you choose the cities in Live Crime Tracker?
We began by looking for open data from among the 200 largest U.S. cities. After compiling a list of cities with publicly available crime data, we categorized cities by how frequently their data were updated and the type of data reported. We found that only 50+ cities provide publicly available crime data at the incident level, with frequent updates and without routine lags of weeks or months. Our hope is that more cities will meet this standard of reporting, and once they do, we will add them here.
Why is open data valuable?
Open data, specifically incident-level crime data, is critical to enhancing public and stakeholder understanding of risks and harms from crime. Unlike crime maps (which can exaggerate individual risks) or summary data (which can hide important nuance), open, incident-level data allows the public to evaluate how crime varies over time and by crime type and assess when risk increases or decreases in a given time of month or year. This fuller and timelier picture of how and when crime is happening can lead to more informed public policy and safer, thriving communities.
Why do the costs-of-crime matter?
Knowing the costs-of-crime can help policymakers, victim service providers, and the public understand the impact of crime and how much to invest to reduce it. The costs-of-crime estimates provide additional information beyond what is found in crime counts or crime rates. Costs-of-crime describe the size of the losses in human terms. They also allow comparisons that are standardized—each city or time being compared is using the same unit of measure, i.e., dollars, so the comparisons are inherently meaningful. Finally, they allow complex changes in crime to be evaluated (e.g., When some crimes are up and others are down, is that city in that time safe?)
How do we measure the costs-of-crime?
Crime is a complex phenomenon. It is important to understand when crime is more or less severe, but it is difficult to do this in practice. A common approach is to count how many crimes are felonies and how many are misdemeanors, but these terms do not have broad meaning and provide little guidance when crime goes up in one type of felony and down in another. Costs-of-crime are typically measured as the costs-of-crime to victims, which is a way of measuring their losses (health care, work, family, etc.). Counting the costs-of-crime can lead to a clearer understanding of what it means when crime goes up or down and facilitates easy comparisons—between one city over many time periods or across many cities in one time period.
Who should use the costs-of-crime data?
Costs-of-crime data can be used by:
What are the limitations of the cost estimates?
Our crime cost estimates use the cost-of-illness method, which tracks victims' physical, mental, and behavioral health treatments for one year by linking crime reports to health records. While this is considered the most rigorous approach available, it captures only part of crime's total economic impact. Notable exclusions from our estimates include:
Why only include cost estimates for four offenses (aggravated assault, robbery, sex offenses, and simple assault)?
Our cost-of-illness methodology only includes crimes that cause direct physical harm. While data exist on the monetary losses from property crimes, we cannot capture their significant non-economic impacts, such as the emotional trauma from a home burglary or vehicle theft. The challenge of valuing human life adds another layer of complexity. Though regulators use the 'value of a statistical life' for environmental and safety regulations, this metric isn't appropriate for crime victimization analysis.
The FBI collects national statistics, but they are only released annually in the fall, reporting on the previous year. Other timely crime resources either focus on a single type of crime (homicide) or are released monthly. Live Crime Tracker provides real-time data for more than 50 U.S. cities in eight crime categories, including homicide, burglary, and aggravated assault. This tracker also includes in-depth city crime profiles, interactive maps, and a daily crime tracker that allows users to analyze trends over time and compare them across locations.
What are Live Crime Tracker’s limitations?
Live Crime Tracker compiles data shared by local governments, and some of those data are incomplete. A lot of work goes into providing “live” data from open data portals, but incident-level open data also requires that it is updated over time as errors are identified. The “live” data shown in the Live Crime Tracker is not necessarily considered the final data and may change over time as cities remove duplicates and belatedly add records on some days. We update the data shown in the Live Crime Tracker as cities make these changes. We have intentionally exposed those gaps in data, because encouraging more depth and consistency of data is one of our goals. Timely, accurate, and reliable data-sharing is a cornerstone of fair and effective policymaking. Find your city’s data source on our Methodology page.
Who is Live Crime Tracker for?
The Live Crime Tracker was developed for a wide audience interested in timely crime data, including the media, researchers, policymakers, community members, and more. The goal is to highlight emerging trends—good and bad—to help facilitate a faster, better-informed public safety response.
How did you choose the cities in Live Crime Tracker?
We began by looking for open data from among the 200 largest U.S. cities. After compiling a list of cities with publicly available crime data, we categorized cities by how frequently their data were updated and the type of data reported. We found that only 50+ cities provide publicly available crime data at the incident level, with frequent updates and without routine lags of weeks or months. Our hope is that more cities will meet this standard of reporting, and once they do, we will add them here.
Why is open data valuable?
Open data, specifically incident-level crime data, is critical to enhancing public and stakeholder understanding of risks and harms from crime. Unlike crime maps (which can exaggerate individual risks) or summary data (which can hide important nuance), open, incident-level data allows the public to evaluate how crime varies over time and by crime type and assess when risk increases or decreases in a given time of month or year. This fuller and timelier picture of how and when crime is happening can lead to more informed public policy and safer, thriving communities.
Why do the costs-of-crime matter?
Knowing the costs-of-crime can help policymakers, victim service providers, and the public understand the impact of crime and how much to invest to reduce it. The costs-of-crime estimates provide additional information beyond what is found in crime counts or crime rates. Costs-of-crime describe the size of the losses in human terms. They also allow comparisons that are standardized—each city or time being compared is using the same unit of measure, i.e., dollars, so the comparisons are inherently meaningful. Finally, they allow complex changes in crime to be evaluated (e.g., When some crimes are up and others are down, is that city in that time safe?)
How do we measure the costs-of-crime?
Crime is a complex phenomenon. It is important to understand when crime is more or less severe, but it is difficult to do this in practice. A common approach is to count how many crimes are felonies and how many are misdemeanors, but these terms do not have broad meaning and provide little guidance when crime goes up in one type of felony and down in another. Costs-of-crime are typically measured as the costs-of-crime to victims, which is a way of measuring their losses (health care, work, family, etc.). Counting the costs-of-crime can lead to a clearer understanding of what it means when crime goes up or down and facilitates easy comparisons—between one city over many time periods or across many cities in one time period.
Who should use the costs-of-crime data?
Costs-of-crime data can be used by:
- Journalists reporting on crime trends
- Policymakers deciding on where to deploy scarce resources
- Victim service providers trying to understand the scope of the problems they're trying to solve
- Members of the public who want to understand the toll of crime victimization
What are the limitations of the cost estimates?
Our crime cost estimates use the cost-of-illness method, which tracks victims' physical, mental, and behavioral health treatments for one year by linking crime reports to health records. While this is considered the most rigorous approach available, it captures only part of crime's total economic impact. Notable exclusions from our estimates include:
- Emotional and financial impacts on victims' families and friends
- Community-level costs from crime-related stigma
- Criminal justice system expenses for investigation and prosecution
- Various other indirect costs
Why only include cost estimates for four offenses (aggravated assault, robbery, sex offenses, and simple assault)?
Our cost-of-illness methodology only includes crimes that cause direct physical harm. While data exist on the monetary losses from property crimes, we cannot capture their significant non-economic impacts, such as the emotional trauma from a home burglary or vehicle theft. The challenge of valuing human life adds another layer of complexity. Though regulators use the 'value of a statistical life' for environmental and safety regulations, this metric isn't appropriate for crime victimization analysis.
Contact Us
For Media Inquiries: Contact Eric Young at young-eric@norc.org (301) 634-9536
All Other Inquiries: Contact John Roman at roman-john@norc.org (202) 695-0518
All Other Inquiries: Contact John Roman at roman-john@norc.org (202) 695-0518
Citation Information
Roman, John K, Kiegan Rice, Ashley Ellison, and Asheley Van Ness. “Live Crime Tracker.” Chicago: NORC at the University of Chicago. 2024.
Methodology
Live Crime Tracker gathers and harmonizes open, incident-level data directly from the reporting cities.
Data Sources
We obtained Live Crime Tracker data from city police departments or city governments that provided daily incident-level
data starting in January 2023. A city’s data are included if individual crime incidents are reported, the type of crime is clearly
identified, and a date for the offense is reported. Currently, we do not include data from cities that only report aggregated monthly
or yearly counts. We also do not include crime incident data from cities without a publicly accessible source. For more information
about each city, please visit its website (available below in City Data Details). Population data used for analysis were obtained from the
U.S. Census Bureau.
All data are collected from open data portals. Open data, specifically incident-level crime data, are critical to enhancing public and stakeholder understanding of risks and harms from crime. Unlike crime maps or summary data, open, incident-level data allows the public to evaluate how crime varies over time and by crime type and to assess when in a month or a year risk increases or decreases. This leads to a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of crime and more effective solutions. A lot of work goes into providing “live” data from open data portals, but incident-level open data also requires that it is updated over time as errors are identified. The "live" data shown in the Live Crime Tracker is not necessarily considered the final data and may change over time as cities remove duplicates and belatedly add records on some days. We update the data shown in the Live Crime Tracker as cities make these changes.
To define the cities included in the current Live Crime Tracker daily monitor, our team began with the 200 largest cities in the U.S. We searched each city's public web portals for the availability of crime incident data, including police and other official websites. The initial list of cities was created using the most recent year of U.S. census data available. After compiling a list of cities with publicly available crime data, we categorized cities by how frequently their data were updated, the type of data reported (i.e., raw incident data, aggregated monthly counts, or quarterly reports), and how and which crimes were reported (NIBRS offense codes or other categories). Sampling criteria required that cities report incident-level data and update the data frequently, with no regular severe lags. We found over 50 cities that met our criteria.
Data files are downloaded and processed each day with an automated Python program. The program collects most data from application programming interfaces (APIs) that cities make available through their websites or open data portals. Files for each city are first downloaded and processed individually before being combined into a single dataset. Several processing steps ensure that correctly formatted data are loaded into the final dataset. Perhaps the most consequential data processing pertains to harmonizing how cities label crimes to a consistent definition. Our tool uses NIBRS codes when available and then a set of coding rules when NIBRS codes are unavailable. Once data are coded at the incident level, we then aggregate counts of each crime type for each city each day. Crimes recorded as occurring before January 1, 2023, and after the current date are excluded, as are crime incidents that are missing information about incident type.
The statistics constructed come from a combination of administrative data and are subject to non-sampling error. For example, administrative records may contain measurement errors because of issues such as coverage problems (e.g., the data source may not include the entire geography); conceptual and timing misalignments; reporting errors; definition and classification difficulties; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data.
The data collected often contain missing observations. For example, some cities may report no data for a given day on any type of crime, while others might report incidents only for certain crime types but not for others. Having no reported incidents for a city and crime type on a given day is not necessarily a problem because certain crimes might not occur every day, especially for rarer crime types (e.g., homicides), particularly in smaller cities. In other cases, having no crime reported may indicate missing data. To account for this, we implement different strategies. If a city reports at least one type of crime on a given day, all other crimes with no incidents reported on that day are coded as zero. If a city does not report any incident data for more than five consecutive days, the city’s data is recorded as NA until data are recorded again. Once new incident data are recorded for that city, the NA values for the extended period of consecutive missingness remain. The current release imputed values when less than five days of data were missing by filling based upon the last value. Future releases will implement imputation methods for multivariate time series, including reporting on associated uncertainty surrounding those imputed observations.
All data are collected from open data portals. Open data, specifically incident-level crime data, are critical to enhancing public and stakeholder understanding of risks and harms from crime. Unlike crime maps or summary data, open, incident-level data allows the public to evaluate how crime varies over time and by crime type and to assess when in a month or a year risk increases or decreases. This leads to a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of crime and more effective solutions. A lot of work goes into providing “live” data from open data portals, but incident-level open data also requires that it is updated over time as errors are identified. The "live" data shown in the Live Crime Tracker is not necessarily considered the final data and may change over time as cities remove duplicates and belatedly add records on some days. We update the data shown in the Live Crime Tracker as cities make these changes.
To define the cities included in the current Live Crime Tracker daily monitor, our team began with the 200 largest cities in the U.S. We searched each city's public web portals for the availability of crime incident data, including police and other official websites. The initial list of cities was created using the most recent year of U.S. census data available. After compiling a list of cities with publicly available crime data, we categorized cities by how frequently their data were updated, the type of data reported (i.e., raw incident data, aggregated monthly counts, or quarterly reports), and how and which crimes were reported (NIBRS offense codes or other categories). Sampling criteria required that cities report incident-level data and update the data frequently, with no regular severe lags. We found over 50 cities that met our criteria.
Data files are downloaded and processed each day with an automated Python program. The program collects most data from application programming interfaces (APIs) that cities make available through their websites or open data portals. Files for each city are first downloaded and processed individually before being combined into a single dataset. Several processing steps ensure that correctly formatted data are loaded into the final dataset. Perhaps the most consequential data processing pertains to harmonizing how cities label crimes to a consistent definition. Our tool uses NIBRS codes when available and then a set of coding rules when NIBRS codes are unavailable. Once data are coded at the incident level, we then aggregate counts of each crime type for each city each day. Crimes recorded as occurring before January 1, 2023, and after the current date are excluded, as are crime incidents that are missing information about incident type.
The statistics constructed come from a combination of administrative data and are subject to non-sampling error. For example, administrative records may contain measurement errors because of issues such as coverage problems (e.g., the data source may not include the entire geography); conceptual and timing misalignments; reporting errors; definition and classification difficulties; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data.
The data collected often contain missing observations. For example, some cities may report no data for a given day on any type of crime, while others might report incidents only for certain crime types but not for others. Having no reported incidents for a city and crime type on a given day is not necessarily a problem because certain crimes might not occur every day, especially for rarer crime types (e.g., homicides), particularly in smaller cities. In other cases, having no crime reported may indicate missing data. To account for this, we implement different strategies. If a city reports at least one type of crime on a given day, all other crimes with no incidents reported on that day are coded as zero. If a city does not report any incident data for more than five consecutive days, the city’s data is recorded as NA until data are recorded again. Once new incident data are recorded for that city, the NA values for the extended period of consecutive missingness remain. The current release imputed values when less than five days of data were missing by filling based upon the last value. Future releases will implement imputation methods for multivariate time series, including reporting on associated uncertainty surrounding those imputed observations.
Crime Definitions
Data are aggregated into categories and reported in real time. Each incident is assigned to a broader crime category:
- aggravated assault
- simple assault
- burglary
- homicide offenses
- larceny/theft offenses
- motor vehicle theft
- robbery
- sex offenses
City Data Details
Select a City
Estimate Construction
Offense counts were converted to daily crime rates per 100,000 city residents.
Offense classifications varied somewhat across the cities, and not all cities reported data for each crime.
The city sample used is not necessarily representative of all large cities or the nation.
The crime incident data for this site are pulled daily to provide a timely snapshot of crime nationwide. As a result, these incident counts may differ from data published by individual police departments. The incident counts may also differ from other counts released later by the FBI as part of its national crime reporting program. For the most up-to-date information for a specific city, please visit its website as indicated in the City Data Details above.
The crime incident data for this site are pulled daily to provide a timely snapshot of crime nationwide. As a result, these incident counts may differ from data published by individual police departments. The incident counts may also differ from other counts released later by the FBI as part of its national crime reporting program. For the most up-to-date information for a specific city, please visit its website as indicated in the City Data Details above.
Calculating Costs
Data Source: Our research-based estimates of economic harm per victimization were developed by NORC at the University of Chicago and Temple University.
The harm estimates come from the HAVEN project (Harms After Victimization: Experience and Needs), funded by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). HAVEN estimates the crime for one-year post-victimization.
Cost Estimates: To estimate the harms to victims from violent crimes, including aggravated assault, simple assault, robbery, and sexual assault, the HAVEN project combined three types of data from two U.S. jurisdictions:
Statistical Methodology: To create these estimates, individual-level policing and court data were directly linked to medical claims data from Medicaid and/or private insurance providers to measure physical, behavioral and mental health care costs. Compared to aggregate data collected separately from the justice system and health systems, individual-level data linked across health and justice systems minimizes assumptions, reduces measurement errors and allows for the calculation of confidence intervals.
Advanced statistical modeling for the estimates accounted for zero inflation of cost distributions (meaning that some victims of crime experience no health-related costs) and for the variability across different cost domains.
The estimates only include victims of violent crimes (aggravated assault, robbery, sexual assault, and simple assault) where victim costs include bodily injury. Because property crimes also often cause mental and behavioral health costs, but do not require emergency department care, there is no analogous method for estimating losses from those types of crime.
Cost Estimates: To estimate the harms to victims from violent crimes, including aggravated assault, simple assault, robbery, and sexual assault, the HAVEN project combined three types of data from two U.S. jurisdictions:
- Administrative data (court, police, and medical claims)
- Local victim surveys measuring emotional harm
- Federal law enforcement data on property losses for robberies
- Medical expenses (emergency/inpatient care, outpatient services, long-term care, mental health treatment)
- Lost wages
- Property losses
Statistical Methodology: To create these estimates, individual-level policing and court data were directly linked to medical claims data from Medicaid and/or private insurance providers to measure physical, behavioral and mental health care costs. Compared to aggregate data collected separately from the justice system and health systems, individual-level data linked across health and justice systems minimizes assumptions, reduces measurement errors and allows for the calculation of confidence intervals.
Advanced statistical modeling for the estimates accounted for zero inflation of cost distributions (meaning that some victims of crime experience no health-related costs) and for the variability across different cost domains.
The estimates only include victims of violent crimes (aggravated assault, robbery, sexual assault, and simple assault) where victim costs include bodily injury. Because property crimes also often cause mental and behavioral health costs, but do not require emergency department care, there is no analogous method for estimating losses from those types of crime.